This presentation will focus on a study funded by the Water Research Foundation evaluating water use from over 23 utilities and over 1,000 homes. The average household hot water accounted for 33.2% of total indoor water use. Residential indoor water use in single-family homes has decreased. The average per household daily water use has decreased 22 percent, from 177 gphd in 1999 to 138 gphd in 2016. Per capita average water use has decreased 15 percent, from 69.3 gpcd to 58.6 gpcd. In 1999, a household averaged 2.77 people and in 2016, a household averaged 2.65 people so overall the number of people per home has remained the same. The primary sources for the reduction will be discussed along with implications with increased concentrations. Toilet flushing is the largest indoor use of water in single-family homes, followed by faucets, showers, clothes washers, leaks, bathtubs, other/miscellaneous, and dishwashers. Mandated reductions in toilet flush and clothes washer volumes and shower and faucet flow rates have contributed to the declines in residential water use. When water usage decreases the concentrations of contaminants included organic material and nitrogen increases. Septic system design and operation considerations will be highlighted.  

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