Historically molybdenum dithiocarbamate additives are well known for their friction reduction and fuel economy improvement properties in engine oils as well as their EP benefits in grease and gear oils. Less well known are the other organo-molybdenum types available to lubricant formulators. In recent years, new uses of molybdenum chemistries have surfaced as antioxidants, deposit control additives, and low temperature anti-wear additives. In addition molybdenum has been proven to be highly commercial with automotive catalyst systems. This course will review the types of commercial organo-molybdenum additives available in the market today and compare their advantages and disadvantages in various lubricant applications with a focus on engine oils, industrial lubricants and greases. Recent advances to improve molybdenum compatibility and performance in engine oils will be described. Examples will be provided on some of the more recent uses of molybdenum additives to solve the challenges described above. The presentation is highlighted by recent work where organo-molybdenum chemistry is used to deliver "step out" fuel economy performance utilizing an un-conventional engine oil formulation approach.